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Sodium regulates blood pressure and its excess provokes an increase (arterial hypertension). It contributes to the digestive process and regulates the distribution of water in the body.
Sodium also contributes to the transmission of nerve impulses to the muscles. In cases of a lack of sodium (it is not usual, although the need for it increases when taking diuretics or with the strong loss of body fluid) dehydration, dizziness and low blood pressure may appear.
An excess of sodium provokes conditions such as hypertension, heart diseases, retention of liquids etc. This problem is aggravated due to our consumption of potassium being normally lower than that of sodium. One ideal way to avoid these problems would be to reduce the consumption of foods prepared with too much salt and to increase the intake of low salt foods such as fruit and vegetables (which in turn contain more potassium).
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